Governing mechanism for turbines.



No. 758,400. PATENTED APR. 26, 1904.

' J. WILKINSON.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

- APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23, 1904.

NO MODEL. 1 2 BKEETfl-SHEET 1.

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I PATENTED APR. 26, 1904.

S E N I B R T R 0. W M R I N m WC .E M G N I N R B V 0 G APPLICATIONFILED FEB. 23 1904.

llll 20697666 as am @a 6 a w w a 0, WASHINGTON n c Noi 758,400.

UNITED STATES Patented April 26, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES WILKINSON, OF BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA, ASSIGNOR TO THE WILKINSON STEAMTURBINE COMPANY, OF BIRMINGHAM, ALA- BAMA, A CORPORATION OF ALABAMA. r

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES. k

EEEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 758,400, dated April26, 1904:.

Application filed February 23, 1904. Serial No. 194,853. N0 model.) 7

To all whom, it 77000; concern.-

Be it known that I, J AMES WILKINSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Birmingham, in the county of J etferson and State ofAlabama, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in GoverningMechanism for Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in fluid-pressure governingmechanismfor turloines, and is particularly designed with a view toperfecting a simultaneous control of rows of valves across the stages ofa turbine operating by stage expansion of the fluid-pressure.

It is an object of my present invention to adapt the fluid-impactgovernor, which forms the subject-matter of a separate application, tocontrol the supply-valves separately by means ofindependentfluid-passages formed in a simple and economical manner andsubjected to the injector or ejector action ofa fluidjet under thecontrol of a pivotally-swinging controller-nozzle. 7

My invention furthercomprises improvements in the operation ofstage-valves under the control of the supply-valves and the de-'sectional view also broken away and taken on a curved vertical planthrough the center of a row of working passages disposed around theturbine and illustrating the governing mechanism. Fig. 8 is an enlargeddetailed plan view of the controller mechanism with the nozzle-casingremoved. Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional View on the line a m,Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is abottom view of the discharge end of thecontroller-nozzle shown enlarged. Fig. 6 is a detailed perspective viewof one of the grooved strips forming conduits for the valveactuatingfluid.

The same reference characters refer to the same parts throughout thedrawings.

I have illustrated my invention as applied to a two-stage turbine havinga supply-head 1,

adiaphragm-partition 2, and ashell 3, forming an exhaust-chamber, whichinterlock and are surrounded by a strengthening-shell A. This shell hasa shoulder 5 atits exhaust end which engages-a corresponding shoulder 6around thershell 3 and is also providedat its supply end with an annularchannel 7, within which a sectional locking-strip 8 is securely boltedby tap-screws 9. The eifect of the shoulder 6 and the looking-strip 8 isto form stops between which the supply and exhaust end sections and thediaphragm-partitions are held firmly in position against internalpressure.

The compartments into which the interior I of the turbine is divided bythediaphragm 2 form stages or wheel-compartments within each of whichrotates a wheel 10, provided with a peripheral row of buckets 11. Motorfluid is delivered from any suitable source to an annular supply-passage12 in the head, Which communicates by branch passages 13 withvalve-chambers l4, bored into the head from its under side and disposednear its pe riphery. Plugs 15, provided with a curved passage-way 17,are screwed into the lower or open ends of the chambers 14 and serve toclose the same except for the opening formed by the passage 17. Theplugs are disposed so that these passages 17 are in alinement with shortpassages 18, bored at an angle through the head and serving asdelivery'ends for the nozzle-passages, which discharge thefluid-pressure admitted-through passages 13 v at an angle againsttherevolving buckets 11. By this construction the plugs 15 serve thedouble purpose of closing the valve-chamber and forming'the intermediatecurved part of the supply-nozzles, which effects a marked economy inmanufacture. The supply-valves are eachconnected by a stem 20 to apiston the annular channel 22 to the passage 23 for" Too the purposeshereinafter described. A small cylinder 27 leads from the top of chamber14 and opens through a port 28 into a channel 29. This channel is formedin the upper surface of the head 1 and continues around theturbine,being adapted to receive superimpo'sed strips 30, which fitpressure-tight within the channel and are provided with grooves 31 ontheir under sides, as shown more clearly in Fig. 6. By reference to Fig.2 it will be seen that this channel 29 will vary in depth at differentpoints. This construction is necessary in view of the fact that theseveral grooved strips are of varying length, each being adapted tosuccessively conduct fluidpressure to a port 28, beyond which point thegroove 31 terminates and forms a closed end for the passage. The channel29 has its greatest depth at the end nearest thefluid-pressure-governing mechanism, hereinafter described, and isdecreased in depth by the formation of shoulders whose heightcorresponds with the thickness of the strips 30. Thus the end of thebottom strip 30, leading to the first valve cylinder, will abut againstthe shoulder 32, whose top surface is of an even height with said stripand serves as a support for the strip 30, which rests upon the bottomstrip and forms the conduit for the valve-actuating fluid conducted tothe second valve-cylinder of the series. A second shoulder 33 willsupport "the strip above the one last mentioned, and as many othershoulders will be provided as there are strips 30. It will thus beevident that the depth of the channel at its end farthest from thegoverning mechanism will correspond with the thickness of the top strip30, which strip will be even with the top of head 1 and held firmly inplace by the flanged extension 34 of the locking-strip 8, which issecurely bolted to the head by tap-screws 35. Since the several stripsare superimposed, it follows that this flange 34 will hold them allfirmly and securely in position, and, if desired, packing may be used toprevent the leakage of pressure between the passages.

In adapting the fluid-pressure impact-controller mechanism, more fullydescribed and claimed in a pending application, to control the potentialof the pressure in the several conduits 31 I provide a circular block36, seated in a recess in the head and provided with a transversepassage-way 37 and a cut-away portion on the side, which forms acontinuation of the channel 29. As will be seen in Fig. 4, this cut-awayportion leaves a thin division wall or tongue 38, forming a side of thepassage 37 and is curved at 39. The several strips 30 are also curved tocorrespond with the cut-away portion of block 36 and continue upwardlytoa point slightly above the top surface of the flange 34, which alsoserves the purpose of holding the block 36 in position. This thindivision-wall 38 also continues to the top of flange 34, and it will benoted that the upper ends of the strips 30 increase slightly in height,so that their upper ends conform to an arc corresponding with the swingof the pivoted controller-nozzle 40, which is mounted in the casing 41,communicating at its upper end with any suitable source of pressure andsecured at its lower end to flange 34. The

controller-nozzle 40 comprises a cylindrical body portion mounted torotate in a seat 42, formed in said casing and having a transverse porttherethrough, which flares at its inlet end and at its discharge endcommunicates with a nozzle 43, which is provided with screwthreads toengage a correspondiugly-threaded recess in said cylindrical bodyportion. The casing 41 is provided at its discharge end with acompartment 44, within which the nozzle 43 swings and which is reducedin size at its lower end to conform in shape with the area occupied bythe passage 37 and the group of strips 30. At its upper end the chamberis enough larger than the nozzle to leave ample clearance for the escapeof the controller-pressure around it to passage 37, as will be seen indotted lines, Fig. 1. By reference to Fig. 5 it will be noted that theside of the nozzle toward the strips is flattened, while its other side,which is normally exposed above the passage 37, is rounded. Thedivision-wall 38 and the strips 30 are very much reduced in thickness attheir upper ends, so that they form as thin division-walls as possibleto reduce the friction of the fluid-jet and the throw necessary for thenozzle to control the discharge of pressure into all of them.

To enable the locking-ring 8 to be moved inwardly out of engagement withthe channel 7, so that the shell 4 may be dropped and access gained tothe interior of the turbine, I provide the flanged portion.34 with aremovable section or block 45, which covers or includes one-half of theopening through which the division-plate 38 and strips 30 project. Theopening in portion 34 is wide enough to enable its shoulder to clearchannel 7 when block 45 is removed, and as the section of thelocking-strip opposite the governor device is movedinwardly toward theshaft this shoulder 8 will clear the channel, and the locking-strip maythen be removed without disturbing the strips 30. Any suitable governormechanism may be used to move the crank 46, which operates the shaft 47,connected to the nozzle 40 and leading'through a suitable packing-gland48.

Itbeing noted that the passage 37 in block 36 is in alinement with anozzle-passage 49, leading through the head and discharging against thebuckets 11 when the nozzle is moved opposite passage 37, the fluid-jetwill pass directly thereinto and will act with an ejector'efi'ect tocreate a partial vacuum in the controller-chamber 44 and in thevalve-controlling conduits formed by the strips 30 and opening into saidcontroller-chamber. As the act to raise the pressure in them to a point.

nearly equal to its own pressure, and at the same time the fluid willescape around I the nozzle and passing through the chamber 44- willenter passage 37 and nozzle 49 and do useful Work in driving theturbine. As the nozzle moves over the passages, it is my purpose toconstruct the latter so that the fluidjet will successively act with itsfull injector or ejector action according to its direction of movementupon each of the passages. I thus avoid the creation of any intermediatepressures in any of the valve-controlling passages and move the valvesalways to an open or closed position.

Having thus described my governor mechanism for admitting thefluid-controller pressure to the several valve-cylinders, I will nowdescribe the action of the supply-valves.

The upper end of each passage 23, leading through the supply-valves,constitutes a valveseat which is normally closed when in its loweredposition by a secondary valve 50. This secondary valve 50 has anenlarged piston-head which moves pressure-tight within the cylinder 27and is beveled at its upper end to seat against the beveledupper end ofcylinder 27. Referring to 'Fig. 2, it will be noted in connection withthe second valve 19 of the series, which is shown open, that thissecondaryvalve 50 is lifted a sufiicient distance from its seat topermit the escape of pressure from above piston 21 through passage 23into the nozzle-passage 17, leading to the first stage. Pressure isadmitted above this piston by a passage 51,

leading therethrough and smaller in size than passage 23. When it isdesired to cut oif all fluid-supply from the turbine, thecontrollernozzle is moved to a position directly over all of thefluid-passages 31, so that the pressure therein will be raised to apoint suflicient to move the secondary valves 50 to a seated position,thus closing passages 23 and permitting pressure above and below piston21 to be equalized through passage 51. Under these conditions the valvewill be slightly unbalanced and will have a tendency to move upwardlytoward its open position; but this is overcome by the combined action ofthe controller-pressure against the piston-head of the auxiliary Valve50 and the suction action of the fluid-stream through the nozzle 17against valve 19. This suction and the action of the controller-pressurewill cooperate to moveall of the valves to their closed position, andthe stream of controller fluid passing through nozzle 49 will act todrive the turbine under its friction load. As the load increases thecontroller-nozzle 43 will be moved to successively create by its ejectoraction a partial vacuum in the outer passages 31 of the series, thuscutting off controllerpressure from above the valves to be openedandcausing the pressure above p1stons 2l to act against the shoulderedheads of the secondary valves 50 and raise them from their seats. Bythus opening communication through passage 23, between the upper end ofcylinder 14 and the first stage, the high pressure above piston 21 willflow through passage 23 and be reduced, since this passage is muchlarger than passage 51, and will therefore discharge pressure fasterthan it can be supplied by the latter passage. The high pressure belowpiston 21 will accordingly raise it and open the provide passages 52,leading from the upper 5 valve 19. A s this valve leaves its seat theejector 1 ends of the cylinders 14 at a point opposite the circularpassage 22 in piston 21 when the latter is in its raised position. Thispassage 52 connects with a passage 53, formed bya recess in the casing,and a grooved block 54, inserted and secured therein and from which abranch passage 55 leads through the casing and a block 56 and enters theupper end of a chamber 57, bored into the diaphragm 2. This chamber,which is closed at its upper end by a block or plug 56, serves as acylinder for a piston 58, which moves pressure-tightthere in and isprovided with a depending stem 59, leading through a stuffing-box 60 andengaging a lever 61, which operates a crank 62, connected to a rotarystage-valve. seated in the nozzle-passage 63, which leads through thediaphragm 2 and delivers motor fluid against the rotating buckets 11 inthe second wheel compartment. I admit pressure below piston 58 through apassage 64, formed between the shell 4 and the casing of the turbine,preferably by a recess formed in said shell. through a passage 66 andwithdrawn through Pressure is admitted to thisjacket Thisvalve is asimilar passage (not shown) on the opposite side of the turbine. Inoperation when the supply-valve has moved to its closed positionpassage=53 will be exposed to the boiler-pressure which exists abovepiston 21 by reason of passage 51, and this pressure is admitted above astage-piston 58 through passages 53 and 55 and will move the pistondownwardly and close the stage-valve. It will be noted that the piston58 is unbalanced by reason of this stem 59, so that boiler-pressure mayexist on both sides of it, and in this case it will always move to itsclosed position. When the supply-valve rises to its open position,passage 52 will communicate with the annular passage 22 around stem 21.This passage in turn communicates by a passage 26 with thesuction-passage 23 through the valve, so that the valve-actuating fluidis discharged into a supply-nozzle and acts with full efliciencythroughout all the stages. Not only will the high pressure in cylinder57 and the passages leading thereto be discharged through passages 26and 23, but the suction action of the fluid in nozzle 17 will maintainthe pressure in cylinder 57 so low that the pressure below piston 58moves it to its upper position and opens the valve. The passage 53preferably connects a supply and one or more stage valves in the line ofthe fluids flow, in which case it will be noted in Fig. 2 that thestage-valve lettered A will be in the line of the fluids flow fromnozzle 49 and may be controlled by a branch passage leading from one ofthe passages 53 on either side of it, and the stagevalve lettered B willbe controlled by the first supply-valve of the series.

The pistons for the stage and supply valves and their seats are beveledto cause them to act without intermediate operating positions. Eachsupply-valve may control any desired number of stage-valves, andpassages 53 may connect the supply and stage cylinders in any manner asoccasion may require.

By utilizing the steam-jacket pressure to open the stage-valves theconstruction of my governing mechanism will be very much simplified anda number of unnecessary fluid-passages dispensed with.

I have shown the annular radiating fins 67 opposite the bucket-wheel asformed integral, with an annular ring 68, which is inserted between thehead and diaphragm and cut away for the groove-strip 55 and passage 53.

Though I have shown and described a restricted passage 51 to admit themotor fluid above piston 21, it will be obvious that the piston may beadapted to permit a leakage around it equivalent to the volume ofpressure admitted through passage 51, which may then be dispensed with.The construction and arrangement of parts may be further changed withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is- 4 1. In a turbine, a supply-head, avalve-cylinder therein, a piston-valve in said cylinder and a plugclosing the lower end of said cylinder and having a passage therethroughserving as a supply-nozzle for the motor fluid.

2. In aturbine, a wheel-compartment, asupply-head therefor, a cylindertherein, a plug serving as a head for the lower end of said cylinder, anozzle-passage for the motor fluid leading from said cylinder throughsaid plug, and a piston-valve in said cylinder to control said motorfluid.

3. In a turbine, a stationary element, a cylinder therein, a passageadmitting motor fluid thereto, a valve in said cylinder controlling theadmission of motor fluid to a nozzle-passage, and a plug serving as aseat for said valve and comprising the intermediate portion insaid'nozzle-passage.

p 4:. In a turbine, a fluid-induction nozzle formed in a stationaryelement, a valve therefor, and a detachable element forming a seat forsaid valve and the admission and curved portion of said nozzle.

5. In a turbine, a fluid-induction nozzle formed in a stationaryelement, a piston-valve therefor, a cylinder for said valve, and adetachable elementforming a lower head for said cylinder and theadmission and curved portion of said induction-nozzle.

6. In a turbine, a fluid-induction nozzle leading through a stationaryelement constituting a supply-head for a wheel-compartment, a cylinderbored from below into said element, means to supply motor fluid to saidcylinder, a valve therein, and a plug inserted into the lower end ofsaid cylinder and provided with a curved passage therethrough and a seatfor said valve at the inlet end of said passage, and a passage, formingthe delivery end of said nozzle, which leads through said element andwith which the passage in said plug is normally in alinement.

7. In a multiple-stage turbine, supply and stage valves controlling theflow of motor fluid through the turbine, means to operate saidsupply-valve, fluid-pressure means under the control of saidsupply-valve to move said stage valve in one direction, and asteamjacket pressure to move said valve in the opposite direction.

8. In a multiple-stage turbine, supply and stage valves, andfluid-pressure means to operate said stage-valves comprising afluidpressure under the control of said supplyvalves, and an opposingpressure derived from a fluid-chamber utilized to superheat the turbine.

9. In a multiple-stage turbine, supply and stage valves, a movablepiston to operate said stage-valve, means to admit fluid-pressure underthe control of a supply-valve to move said piston in one direction, asteam-jacket, and means to admit the pressure from said jacket to opposesaid first-mentioned pressure.

10. In a multiple-stage turbine, series of supply and stage valves, agoverning means for said supply-valves, fluid-pressure means controlledby said supply-valves to operate said stage-valves, a compartmentsupplied with fluid-pressure, and a series of passages lead ingtherefrom to admit pressure to operate said stage-valves when saidfirst-mentioned operating pressure is reduced or cut off. a

11. In a turbine wherein the motor fluid is fractionally expanded, aplurality of wheelcompartments, one or more nozzles betweencompartments, a valve or valves for said nozzles, a constant pressurefrom a compartment independent of said wheel compartments .which tendstomove said valve or valves to an open or closed pos1t1on, and means,under the control of a governing mechanism, to regulate a fluid-pressureadapted to move said valve or valves in opposition to said constantcompartment-pressure.

12. In a multiple-stage turbine, wheel-compartments, stage-valves,fluid-pressure motors to operate said valves, a compartment, independentof said wheel-compartments, which supplies one of the operatingpressures to said motors, and means, under the control ofsupply-valvesflco cut on or ofi the other operating pressure to saidmotors.

13. In a turbine operating by stage expansion, wheel compartments,nozzle-passages and valves therefor admitting the motor fluid to theseveral compartments, governor-controlled piston-valves supplying motorfluid to the turbine, piston-actuated valves between compartments,cylinders for said pistons, a steam-jacket surrounding a wheel-compartment, means to admit the jacket-pressure to one end of said cylindersand a passage, leading from the other endof each cylinder to asupply-valve cylinder, in which a high or-low pressure is maintainedaccording to the position of said supply-valve.

1 1. In a turbine, a motor-fluid-supply valve, a cylinder within whichsaid valve moves pressure-tight, a passage leading longitudinallythrough said valve, a secondary governor-controlled valve to close saidpassage, and means to admit the motor fluid to both ends of saidcylinder.

15; In a turbine, a piston-actuated valve reciprocating in a cylinderand controlling the admission of motor fluid to a nozzle-passage, apassage leading from below the valve to the upper end of said cylinder,a smaller passage admitting the motor-fluid pressure above saidpiston-valve, and a secondary valve to control the movement of saidpiston-valve by opening or closing said first passage.

16. In a turbine, a piston-actuated valve, a nozzle to which pressure isadmitted under the control of said valve, and means to utilize thesuction action of the fluid stream in said nozzle to-assist in openingsaid valve. V

17. In a turbine, a piston-actuated valve, a

nozzle to which pressure is admitted under thecontrol of said valve, andmeans to utilize the suction action of the fluid stream in said nozzleto move said valve to its closed position.

18. In a turbine, a nozzle-passage, a pistonactuated valve controllingthe flow of motor 1 fluid therethrough, and means to utilize the ejectoror suction action of the fluid stream to assist in opening and closingsaid valve.

19. In a turbine, a supply-head fora wheelcompartment, a chamber forminga cylinder therein, a piston-valve movable within said cylinder, anozzle-passageopened or closed by said valve, an extension dependingfrom said valve and disposed Within said nozzle-passage, a passageleading through said piston and extension, a governor controlledsecondary valve to open orclose said latter passage, and

means to admit motor-fluid pressure above said piston-valve.

20. In a turbine, a stationary elementQa fluid-supply valve, a secondaryvalve controlling fluid-pressure means to operate said supply-valve andseated thereon and movable therewith.

23. In a turbine, a reciprocating motorfluid-supply valve,fluid-pressure means to actuate said valve and'a secondary valve, whichcontrols said fluid-pressure means to open or' close said supply-valve,and seats upon said supply-valve in one of its operating positions. 724. In a turbine, a nozzle-passage, a recip- 1 rocating valve therefor,and a secondary valve seated upon and movable with said supply valvetoward its closed position, and independent thereof as it moves to itsopen position, said secondary valve controlling pressure means tooperate said supply-valve.

25. In a turbine, the combination with amotor-fluid valve, a casingprovided with two connecting chambers in one of which a piston foroperating said valve moves, a permanently open restricted passage bywhich the same pressure is caused to exist on each side of said piston,a passage forming an-exhaustingconduit and open to the pressuresexisting above and below said piston-valve, and a secondary Valve in theother of said chambers which moves under the control of a governingmechanism to open and close said exhausting-conduit. r

26. In a turbine, the combination with a main valve operated by apiston, of a casing having two connecting-chambers, one of whichconstitutes a cylinder for said piston, means to admit the pressurebelow said piston to the cylinder above it, a secondary piston-actuatedvalve movable in said other chamber, and a passage, leading through saidmain piston and valve, which is closed by said secondary valve to causesaid main valve to move toward and assume a closed position and isopened by said secondary valve to cause the main valve to move towardand assume an open position.

27. In a turbine, the combination with a main valve operated by apiston, of a cylinder therefor exposed to a high pressure below saidpiston, means to provide for a limited flow of said high pressure to thecylinder above said piston and a passage adapted to discharge saidpressure above said piston at a point below said main valve when thelatter is open, and means to close said latter passage when said mainvalve is closed.

28. In a turbine, a valve operated by a piston, a casing having acylinder for said piston which is exposed at one end to the motor-fluidpressure, means to effect a restricted circulation of motor fluidwhereby it passes from below said piston to the chamber above it andthence to a point below said valve, and means to interrupt the flow ofsaid pressure from the chamber above said piston when it is desired toclose the valve.

29. In a turbine, a main valve operated by a piston, a cylindertherefor, a port admitting motor-fluid pressure below said piston and arestricted passage admitting it above said piston, a passage leadingthrough said piston and valve and subjected at its lower end to thesuction action of the motor-fluid stream when said valve is open, and asecondary valve to close said suction-passage and assist the pressureadmitted above said piston in moving the latter toward its valve-closedposition.

30. In a turbine, a main and a secondary valve both of which areoperated by pistons, a casing having two chambers therein serving ascylinders for said pistons, the cylinder for said secondary valveopening into said mainvalve chamber, a restricted passage through whichthe motor-fluid pressure existing below said main-valve piston isadmitted above it, a passage leading through said main valve and pistonby which the pressure above said piston is wholly or partially exhaustedand which is opened and closed by said secondary valve, and means toadmit a controller-pressure to one end of said secondary-valve cylinderwhile the other end is open to the pressure existing above themain-valve piston.

31. In a governing mechanism for motors, a controller-chamber throughwhich a continuously-flowing stream of fluid passes and enters anormally open passage, a plurality of controller-fluid conduits for aplurality of motor-fluid valves, and means to change the course of saidstream to control the operation of said valves.

.32. In a fluid-pressure-governing mechanism for motor-fluid Valves forturbines, a pivoted movable controller-nozzle, and a stream offluid-pressure which acts under the direc- 5 tion of said nozzle tocontrol the operation of said valves.

33. In a motor, aplurality of fluid-pressureactuated valves for themotor fluid, a plurality of conduits for the valve-actuating fluid, andmeans utilizing the impact eflect of a continuously-flowing stream offluid to severally control the operation of said valves.

34. In amotor, a plurality of fluid-pressurecontrolled valves for themotor fluid, a plurality of conduits for the controller fluid, andfluid-impact means under the control of a governor-nozzle tosuccessively raise the pressure in said conduits and control theoperation of said valves.

35. In a motor, a plurality of motor-fluid nozzles, fluid-actuatedvalves therefor, a plurality of separate passages for valve-controllingfluid, means, responsive to the pressure in said passages, which controlthe operation of said valves, and a governor-nozzle controlling theoperation of said means.

36. In a motor, a plurality of motor-fluid nozzles, fluid-actuatedvalves therefor, a plurality of separate passages for valve-controllingfluid-pressure, secondary valves, actuated by said controlling fluid,which control the operation of said first-mentioned valves, and agovernor-nozzle utilizing a stream of fluidpressure to control theoperation of said secondary valves.

37 In a motor, a fluid-induction nozzle, a main valve, a secondarypiston-valve controlling fluid-pressure operating means for said mainvalve, a fluid-conduit one end of which is closed by said piston-valveand means, utilizing a continuously-flowing stream, to vary the pressurein said conduit.

38. In a motor, a plurality of fluid-induction nozzles, a plurality ofmain valves for said nozzles. secondary pistonvalves controllingfluid-pressure means to operate said main valves, a plurality offluid-conduits which terminate in cylinders for said piston-valves, anda governor-nozzle to control, by fluid-pressure means, the operation ofsaid secondary IIO grooved strips disposed therein and forming conduitswhich lead from a source of controller-pressure to a plurality ofvalves.

42. In a turbine, a supply-head, a plurality of longitudinally-groovedstrips of varying length secured thereto and forming conduits which leadsuccessively to the several motorfluid-supply valves.

43. In a turbine, a supply-head, a plurality of longitudinally-groovedstrips of varying length, a shouldered channel in said head in whichsaid strips are secured, and a plurality of passages each of whichcommunicates with a channel and with a valve-cylinder.

44:. In a turbine, a supply-head, a channel therein, a plurality ofcontiguous strips forming conduits disposed in said channel, and

' means to secure said strips in position com- 46. In a turbine,afluid-pressure-controller chamber, a plurality of adjacent passagesleading therefrom, one of which is normally open,

and the others of which are normally closed at their outer ends andformed by channelways between contiguous strips whose ends enter saidchamber, and a movable controllernozzle which directs a flowing streamof fluid into part of said passages, which stream, in passing outthrough said normally open passage, acts with an ejector effect toexhaust the pressure from so many of said closed passages as are notexposed to the direct action of said stream.

4:7. In aturbine, an induction-passage, a motor-fluid-supply valveoperated by a piston, a chamber for said piston, a pressure-controllingpassage leading through said piston and opening into saidinduction-passage below said valve, and a secondary valve to open andclose said pressure-controlling passage.

48. In aturbine, amotor-fluid valve, achamher therefor, a passageleading through said valve, means to permit a restricted flow ofpressure into the chamber above said valve, and a secondary valve toopen and close said passage through the main valve.

4E9. In a motor, a plurality of contiguous strips between which conduitsare formed, a plurality of valves whose operation is controlled by thefluid-pressure in said conduits, 'and means to control the admission offluidpressure to said conduits.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name H. M. HARTON, EVANS JOHNSTON.

